Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Leaf, Stem and Root Essential Oils of Borassus aethiopum (Arecaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26538/tjdr/v2i5.5Keywords:
Borassus aethiopum, Essential oil, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Diclofenac, IndomethacinAbstract
Purpose: Pain and inflammation have received man’s attention from time immemorial. Borassus aethiopum, a large fan shaped tree is found in Africa, with reported nutritional and biological activities. This study was designed to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the leaf, stem and root essential oils of Borassus aethiopum.
Methods: Plant sample was obtained from Gboko, Nigeria. Essential oils from leaf, stem and roots of this plant were extracted by hydro distillation using all-glass Clevenger apparatus. Acute toxicity test on essential oil samples of Borassus aethiopum was carried out using various dosages. Analgesic activity of these essential oils was investigated by measuring the number of acetic acid induced writhing in rats while oedema volume of rat’s paw was used to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil samples.
Results: Essential oil samples were safe at 25 ml/kg bodyweight. Analgesic activity of essential oil was best on leaf (71.4%) at 15 ml/kg; stem (94.64%) at 10 ml/kg; root (78.2%) at 10 ml/kg and root (77.6%) at 15 ml/kg bodyweight. During investigation of anti-inflammatory activity, all three essential oil samples: leaf, stem and roots showed better activity than the standard drug, indomethacin. However, leaf essential oil showed early phase inhibitory activity (0 minute) while late phase inhibitory effect (120 minutes) was seen in root essential oils of Borassus aethiopum.
Conclusion: Results show that leaf, stem and root essential oils of Borassus aethiopum exhibited analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and suggests their promise as drugs.
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