Selected Preclinical Studies on Picralima nitida Stem Bark Extract
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26538/tjdr/v2i2.1Keywords:
Histology, Haematology, Phytochemical screening, Picralima nitidaAbstract
Purpose: Traditional medicine has utilized Picralima nitida (Apocynaceae) to treat a variety of illnesses, including microbial and pain-induced infections, diabetes, inflammation, and malaria.
Methods: The phytochemical screening, haematological, and histological studies were carried out using already established methods.
Results: Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, proteins, carbohydrates flavonoids, reducing sugars, and terpenoids detected in the extract. The histology of the organ treated by the stem bark extract showed no form of organ damage and toxic damage when treated with the plant extract and when compared to the control. Haematological studies of the effects of the stem bark of P. nitida extract on the red blood cell and it’s components; hamacrite (HCT), haemoglobin (HGB) and red blood cell (RBC) at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg showed slight increase in RBC showing that P. nitida stem bark extract can increase the ability of the blood to transport oxygen and hence, could be effective in treating certain diseases like anaemia. All the mice that received the plant extract experienced an increase in WBC counts. White blood cells are involved in battling illness and the extracts may stimulate their production. The result of the white blood cell demonstrates that the P. nitida extract significantly affected the white blood cells (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM), and granulocyte (GR) counts.
Conclusion: The study revealed that Picralima nitida could serve as an intoxicating source of haematinic agent and as such; further studies should be carried out on the isolation of the active agents responsible for this potency
Downloads
References
Ogbeide OK., Akhigbe IU, Unuigbe CA, Erharuyi O, Oseghale I, Imieje V, Iheanacho C, Ikeke, K, Ayeni B, Irabor E, Owolabi JB, and Falodun A.. Isolation, characterisation and in vivo anti-malarial investigation of pulcherrimin A from Caesalpiniapulcherrima stem bark. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020;12(2), 056-063.
Azwanida NN,. A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength and limitation. Med. Aromat. Plants2015; 4, 196.
Ogbeide OK, Ogbonnaya, CJ, Asakitikpi E, Uyi, DO, Aluge BO, Nosakhare O, Otahagwa WO, Ehigie CA, Omoruyi U, Aifuwa, OS, Gabriel
BO. . Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Stem Bark of Yellow Flamboyant (Peltophorum pterocarpum),' J Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 2019; 23(7), p. 13-15. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i7.19
Fagbohun ED.. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of Urenalobata L. (Malvaceae).J Med. Plants Res. (2012); 6(12).
Purves WK, Sadava D, Orians, GH, and Heller, HC.. Life: The science of Biology 2003; (7th ed., p.954). Sinauer Associates and W. H. Freeman.
Lisa CA 2019. Haematology: Total blood count.International Animal Medicine(2nded.). USA: Mosby Publishers.
Peters SO, Gunn HH, Imumorin IG, Agaviezor BO, Ikeobi CO. (. Haematological studies on frizzled and naked neck genotypes of Nigerian native chickens. Tropical Animal Health Production, 2011; 43(3), 631-638.
Weiss DJ and Wardrop KJ. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. 6thed Ames, IA: Wiley Blackwell, 2010
Oyawoye BM, and Ogunkunle, HN. (Biochemical and haematological reference Values in normal experimental animals 2004; (p. 212-218).
Johnston JK, and Morris DD. (1996). Alterations in blood proteins. In B. P. Smith (Ed.),
Sidell B, and Kristin OB.). "When bad things happen to good fish: the loss of hemoglobin and myoglobin expression in Antarctic icefishes". J Exp. Biol. 2006; 209 (Pt 10): 1791–802.
Ugwuene MC. Effect of Dietary Palm Kernel Meal for Maize on the Haematological and Serum Chemistry of Broiler Turkey. Nig. J of Animal Sci. (2011); 13, 93-103.
Francis U, Isaac, Z, Yakubu A, Enosakhare A, Felix, E..Haematological parameters of malaria infected patients in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. JHTD 2014; 2(6), 1-4.
Soetan KO, Akinrinde, S, and Ajibade TO.. Preliminary studies on the haematological Parameters of cockerels fed raw and processed guinea corn (Sorghum bicolor)Proceedings of 38th Annual Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Production 2013; (p. 49-52).
Kabir M, Akpa GN, Nwagu, BI, Adeyinka, IA, and Bello UI. (2011). Sexual Dimorphism, breed and age characteristics of rabbits in Zaria, Nigeria(p.133-137). Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria
Ogbeide O.K,,Sajere, O, Obukuru, IS, Akedayi, P, Omorefe, NO, Unachukwu, CI, Mbonu, R, Aghedo, NO, Iyekowa1, Uadia, JO. Comparative Studies on the Bioactive Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimalarial potentials of Picralimanitida Leaves and Stem Bark Extracts. Benin J of Phy Sci. 2024; 1(1):231-250
Awodi S, Ayo, JO.,Atodo AD, Dzende T.. Some haematological parameters and the erythrocyte osomotic fragility in the laughing dove (Streptopella senegalensis) and the Village weaner bird(Ploceuscucullatus) Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria 2005; (p.384-387).
Ifijen IH, Aghedo, ON, Odiachi, IJ, Ogbeide OK, Maliki, M., Okereke, OC.. Investigation of the Anti‑malaria Potency and Chemical Constituents of the Bark Extracts of Ficuselastica in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice.Chemistry Africa 2020; 3 (4): 1045-1051
Figueiredo E, and Smith GF.). Plants of Angola, Strelitzia.National Botanical Institute, Pretoria 2008; 22: 271-279.
Sharma BR, Kumar V, Gat Y, Kumar N, Parashar A, Pinakin DJ.. Microbial maceration: A sustainable approach for phytochemical extraction. 3 Biotech. 2018;8:401.
Shikov AN., Mikhailovskaya IY, Narkevich IA, Flisyuk EV, Pozharitskaya ON. Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicine. Elsevier; Amsterdam, The Netherlands:. Methods of extraction of medicinal plants 2022; pp. 771–796.
Rowles JL, 3rd, Erdman JW. Carotenoids and their role in cancer prevention. Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta. Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 2020;1865:158613.
Wokocha RC, and Okereke VC. Fungitoxicactivity of extracts of some medicinal plants onsclerotiumrolfsii, the causal organism of the basal stem rot disease of tomato. Nig. J. of plant prot. (2005); 22:106-111
Thangaraj P. Pharmacological Assays of Plant-Based Natural Products. Springer, Geneva.Pandey, A. and Tripathi, S.Concept of Standardization, Extraction and Pre-Phytochemical Screening Strategies for Herbal Drug. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2016; 2, 115-119.
NIH, Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) NIH Publication 1985; 86:1-83.
Ogbeide, OK, Akhigbe I.U, Unuigbe C.A, Erharuyi O, Imieje V, Benjamin GO, Ikeke K, Ayeni B, Irabor E, Owolabi JB, Falodun A. Haematological and Biochemical Examination of Pulcherrimin A isolated from Caesalpiniapulcherrimastem bark. Trop J Nat Prod Res 2021; 5(11):2011-2015.
Ighodaro I, Anegbe B, Ogbeide KO, and Onaiwu, GE. The phytochemical and chemotherapeutic effect of three indigenous Africa plant used in asthma therapy. JPharmacognos and Phytochem 2015; 3(6), 244–247.
Ogbeide OK, Okhomina OK, Omoregie G, Unuigbe CA, Ighodaro A, Akhigbe IU, Iheanacho CM, Akubuiro PC, Solomon A, Irabor EEI, Owolabi BJ, Falodun A.Antimalarial, ferric reducing antioxidant power and elemental analysis of Caesalpiniapulcherrima leaf extract. J. ChemSoc Nig. 2020; 45(4):704-711
Aghedo ON., Owolabi JB. andOgbeide, OK, Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Picralimanitida Stem Bark Extracts.ChemSearch J 2021; 12(2): 55 – 63.
Ogbeide OK, Alao E, Jonathan EM.. Phytochemical investigation and anti-inflammatory activity of stem bark of pride of barbados (Caesalpiniapulcherrima). J ChemSoc Nig. 2020; 45(3):492-498.
Okwu DE. andOkwu ME.Chemical composition of Spondiasmombinlinn. plant parts. J Sustain Agric Environ 2007; 6(2):140-147.
Shahsavaani D, Kazerani HR, Kaveh S, Gholipour-Kanani H. Determination of some normal serum parameters in starry sturgeon ( Acipenserstellatus Pallas, 1771) during spring season, 2010 Comp. Clin. Pathol. 2010; 19(1):57–61. doi:10.1007/s00580-009-0899-3.
Silva M, and Counto NMR, Evaluatiopn of RDW as an indicator of the iron deficiency in patients with chronic renal failure under hemodialysis. Rev Bras Anal Clin. 2016; 48:211-215.
Akinlye OA, Samade OT, Akindele AS, Adelabu KB, Elijah FT, Adewumi OJ. Anticlasstogenic and Hepatoprotective properties of ginger (Zingiberofficinale) extract against nitrobenzene-induced toxicity in rat.Rom. J. Biochem 2014; 51(1), 3 -15
Wan L and Jiang JG.. Protective effects of plant – derived flavonoids on; 2018: 44:283-291
Alturkistani HA, Tashkandi FM, Mohammedsaleh ZM. Histological Stains: A Literature Review and Case Study. Glob J Health Sci 2015; 25;8(3):72-90.
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
